Specifically, the photo-induced CT process can directly affect the electron density distribution or polarizability of the analyte molecules and finally magnify the Raman intensity. The SERS performance of 2D materials (such as graphene and MX 2 (M = Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta X = O, S, Se, Te)) is mainly contributed by the chemical mechanism (CM) of Raman enhancement and the fluorescence quenching.
Ĭonversely, semiconductor-based SERS substrates represented by two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are emerging as new SERS substrates. Therefore, it is particularly important to find a rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive method to achieve the detection of antibiotics. However, the experimental procedures of the above detection methods are complicated. In addition, high-performance thin-layer chromatographic and fluorescence-linked immunosorbent methods are also viable strategies for detecting CIP and ENR. have reported capillary electrophoresis with field amplified sample stacking-sweeping technique to achieve the sensitive determination of CIP and ENR with a low limit of detection (LOD) below 2.5 ppb. have used an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for the detection of ENR with a detection limit of 0.001 ppb. The click chemistry method is also successfully applied in the selective determination of antibiotics. The capillary electrophoresis technique can be applied to the detection of a wider range of residues. Chromatography and enzyme immunoassays provide rapid and sensitive detection of antibiotics. So far, the sensitive detection of antibiotics at trace levels is highly desired but far from satisfactory. Detection of antibiotics is very important in agriculture, food processing, and human health. However, residual CIP and ENR antibiotics can cause water pollution, affect the ecological environment, as well as be absorbed into the human body through the food chain, which can lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), the primary metabolite of ENR, is one of the most used antimicrobials in feed additives.
For example, enrofloxacin (ENR), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been widely used for preventive and therapeutic purposes in farm animals and fishery products. Antibiotics have been used for disease treatment and growth regulation in crops and animals.
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